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Introduction: Udara Roga, described extensively in Ayurvedic texts, encompasses a wide range of abdominal and hepatic disorders, including ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and metabolic disturbances. Modern medicine classifies similar conditions as liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and portal hypertension. Both traditions recognize their chronic, progressive, and debilitating nature. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using Ayurvedic classics (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and modern databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Articles from 2000–2024 were screened. Inclusion criteria involved clinical studies, pharmacological research, and reviews related to Ayurvedic interventions and modern management of hepatic and abdominal disorders. Results: Ayurvedic management emphasizes Nidana Parivarjana (removal of causative factors), Shodhana (purification therapies like Virechana, Niruha Basti, and Jalaukavacharana), and Shamana (palliative herbal remedies). Herbs such as Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa), and Triphala are widely studied for hepatoprotective and diuretic effects. Modern interventions include diuretics, antivirals, antifibrotic agents, and liver transplantation. Evidence suggests integrative protocols combining Ayurveda and biomedicine improve outcomes in cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Discussion: Ayurveda conceptualizes Udara as a systemic disorder rooted in Agni (digestive fire) dysfunction and Dosha imbalance, aligning with modern notions of metabolic syndrome and inflammatory pathways. However, gaps remain in high-quality clinical validation. Future directions include rigorous randomized controlled trials and integrative treatment frameworks. Conclusion: A comparative analysis reveals that Ayurveda provides a holistic, preventive, and detoxification-based approach to Udara Roga, while modern medicine offers targeted pharmacological and surgical interventions. Integration of both systems may enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes.

KEYWORDS: Agni, Ayurveda, Hepatic disorders, Udara Roga, Yoga