Become A Member

Introduction: Ayurveda describes Ama as an intermediate toxic substance produced due to impaired digestion and metabolism. It is considered the root cause of chronic disorders by obstructing Srotas (channels), deranging Doshas, and weakening immunity. Chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease show striking resemblance to Ama-mediated pathology. Methods: A systematic review of classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and commentaries was performed. In addition, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and AYUSH Research Portal (2000–2024) using keywords “Ama Ayurveda,” “chronic disease Ayurveda,” “inflammation Ama,” and “Ayurvedic metabolism.” Studies included conceptual analyses, clinical trials, reviews, and experimental research. Results: Ama is classically described as heavy, sticky, foul-smelling, and obstructive. Its formation (Ama Utpatti) is attributed to Agnimandya (digestive impairment) and Srotorodha (obstruction of channels). In modern parallels, Ama correlates with endotoxins, advanced glycation end-products, oxidized lipids, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Clinical studies report associations of Ama with metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular risk. Experimental evidence supports Ama-reducing therapies (Ama Pachana) such as Trikatu, Guduchi, and Panchakarma, which improve inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic biomarkers. Discussion: The Ayurvedic understanding of Ama overlaps with biomedical models of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia. However, limitations exist in objective Ama assessment and lack of standardized biomarkers. Future research should integrate Ama assessment with microbiome studies, metabolomics, and inflammatory marker profiling to strengthen translational relevance. Conclusion: Ama serves as a valuable conceptual and clinical framework to understand chronic diseases. Validating Ama with modern biomarkers may open new avenues in preventive and personalized healthcare.

KEYWORDS: Ama, Ayurveda, Chronic disease, Inflammation, Metabolism