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Introduction: Pandemics have historically posed major threats to global health, often manifesting as febrile illnesses with systemic complications. Ayurveda, particularly through the lens of Jwara Chikitsa (management of fevers) described in Kayachikitsa, provides comprehensive insights into the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of epidemic fevers (Janapadodhwamsa Jwara). These classical frameworks remain relevant for understanding and managing modern pandemics such as influenza, SARS, and COVID-19. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000–2024. Classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) were analyzed for descriptions of Jwara, Janapadodhwamsa, and Vyadhiutpatti. Inclusion criteria encompassed conceptual articles, clinical studies, systematic reviews, and experimental research evaluating Ayurvedic interventions in epidemic or pandemic conditions. Results: Classical descriptions of Jwara include its classification, pathogenesis, and management strategies, with special emphasis on restoring Agni, protecting Ojas, and preventing complications. Janapadodhwamsa (epidemics) is attributed to vitiation of air, water, place, and season, correlating with modern environmental and infectious theories. Rasayana therapy, dietetics, quarantine (upashaya), and strengthening immunity (Vyadhikshamatva) are emphasized. Modern studies show efficacy of Rasayana herbs (Guduchi, Ashwagandha, Yashtimadhu) and interventions such as yoga and pranayama in reducing severity and complications of viral pandemics. Integrative clinical trials during COVID-19 demonstrated improved recovery and quality of life with Ayurvedic support. Discussion: Ayurveda’s Jwara Chikitsa offers preventive, promotive, and therapeutic strategies highly relevant to pandemics. Its emphasis on immunity, lifestyle, and holistic care complements biomedical approaches. However, robust clinical validation and integrative healthcare models are needed for wider acceptance. Conclusion: Lessons from Jwara Chikitsa highlight Ayurveda’s enduring relevance in pandemic preparedness and management, offering preventive strategies, immunomodulation, and holistic care that can complement modern medicine.

KEYWORDS: Agni, Ayurveda, immunity, Jwara Chikitsa, pandemics